Ethnic groups Essay Example for Free

Ethnic groups Essay Historical descriptions of ethnic groups are normally aimed at establishing certain pattern of perception and interpretation and as well at as clarifying racial differences and peculiarities. On the other hand, the essays, written by the representatives of American nation, sometimes prominently demonstrate biased attitude towards the archetypical ‘otherness’. In Gjerde’s book one can find the extracts from historical documents, addressing such ethnic groups as Chinese, Mexicans and Hindu. Due to the fact that East Asian immigrants deprived Americans of their work in food production at the beginning of the 20th century, the statement about their immorality doesn’t seem surprising. The earlier documents assume that Chinese lifestyle is unacceptable for American citizens, due to their immoral beliefs and convictions in family as a basis of sound society. Moreover, such ‘nominal’ households are viewed as pathology: â€Å"there are apparently few families living as such, with legitimate children† (p. 276). Furthermore, J. Blaine argues that Chinese should not be regarded as Christians, as their patterns of social life tremendously differ from those of European immigrants, who seek to settle down and begin family life in the U. S. His arguments seem quite unusual for a modern reader: â€Å"You cannot work a man who must have beef and bread, alongside of a man, who can live on rice† (p. 277). In 1911, the Asiatic Exclusion league held that Asian immigrants experienced troubles getting along with local communities and integrating into American society. It is important to keep in mind that multiculturalism arose in the U. S. comparatively not long ago, so the beginning of the 20th century was definitely a period of racial discrimination: for instance, Asians (Chinese, Hindu and Japanese) were charged with their religious beliefs and the extrapolation of their understanding of worship and spirituality onto the Christian land, where they erected they pagan shrines and arranged rituals, which offended contemporary moral tradition. European immigrants, in turn, are portrayed as individuals with low intelligence and poor morality, especially Polish Jews, who adopted American names, but belonged to the distinct religious groups and seemed dangerous due to their craftiness (Levin, 1997). The ex-Europeans are shown similar to Caliban, the mythological monster: due to the domination of Lombroso’s criminological physiognomy, they are regarded as dangerous given their appearance, including large stature and poor active dictionary, which seems an indicator of mental tardiness. â€Å"That the Mediterranean peoples are morally below the races of Northern Europe is as certain as any social fact. Even when they were dirty, ferocious barbarians, these blonds were truthtellers [†¦] Immigration officials find that the different peoples are as day and night in point of veracity, and report vast trouble in extracting the truth from certain brunet nationalities† (p. 285). Even the closest ‘siblings’ of Americans, the British, are also described as narrow-minded people, who have no ambitions or aspirations (Levin, 1997, Fraser, 1995). Mexican immigrants are depicted by Mr. Box as impulsive individuals, whose blood contain the mixture of Mediterranean, Spanish and Indian genes and, moreover, mixed with Negroes and mulattos and therefore can be considered an inferior race that lacks more or less established traditions and common sense. In addition, the author indicates that Mexicans are illiterate and negligent in terms of basic sanitary and hygiene and therefore are particularly exposed to viral diseases. Crime and pauperism are also attributed to this ethnic group, as Mexicans have exceptionally rush and impetuous natures and are therefore predisposed to serious deviance and disobedience. The case known as ‘Thind v. United States’ conceptualizes the meaning of race and distinguishes between ethnic groups in order to draw the most correct definition of American as a representative of the nation. ‘Race’ as a legal term is addressed through the descriptions of certain groups, which possess common characteristics, in addition, the paper recognizes that Americans, Hindu and Caucasians have common ancestor, whereas there is a notable diversity in terms of appearance. The paper nonetheless takes discriminatory approach to nativism and indicates that Hindu immigrants cannot be viewed as native Americans in any case, as they inherit their ethnic characteristics, whereas French, german and British immigrants easily assimilate into American nation and therefore can be regarded as ‘free whites’. John Highman, analyzing the document, claims that racial nativism is a historically controversial issue given the complicated social and political development of the United States: the notion or race and the moral evaluation of racial characteristics are completely determined by contemporary attitudes towards various cultural groups. In addition, the methodological problems underlies in the gradual modification of public understanding of race, whose original indicator was skin color when the first scholars were attempting to identify and outline the racial constructs. Such pragmatic and oversimplified approach was to great extent convenient in the period of colonization, as they allowed literally making difference between aliens and peers and maintain Christian superiority in the country. The epoch of Romanticism was marked with the so-called Anglo-Saxonism, which pointed to the uniqueness of race, especially Anglo-Saxon derivation, appealing to psychology and emotional intelligence. Naturalists, on the contrary sought to identify the similarities of external appearance: skin color, stature and skull form. â€Å"Quite commonly, the school associated physical with cultural differences and displayed, in doing so, a feeling of white superiority over colored race. On the whole, however, the leading scientific thinkers did not regard race differences as permanent, pure and unalterable† (p. 293). The natural scientists addressed the notion of heredity and further gave birth to eugenics, the science about artificial selection and resulted in the numerous immigration restrictions, primarily –because of the belief in the inheritance of personality traits, which, as one can conclude from historical documents were stigmatized as unacceptable practically in relations to each immigrant group. At the same time, Ripley, an anthropologist, after studying the traits and characteristics of European population, categorized Europeans into three groups: Teutonic, Mediterranian and Alphine. Due to the scientific enlightenment, the final historical event that resulted in the definition of ‘free white American’ was Grant’s study, which suggested the supremacy of Anglo-Saxon group and implied the acceptance of European ethnic groups, proved as racially and genetically close to Americans. Haney-Lopez provides a brief historical overview of the Thind’s and Ozawa’s cases and shows the so-called societal pressure upon the Court’s decision: even though Thind unquestionably was ‘Caucasian’ (the descendant of white race), he wasn’t identified as ‘free white’, because of commonly shared standard of whiteness, which he failed to fit into. In Ozawa’s case, the Court simply pointed to the plaintiff’s Mongolian origin and rejected the color test only because of the dominant position of ‘whiteness’-oriented religious values, which were likely to be challenged through â€Å"overlapping of races†(p. 301). When Thind required naturalization, the prejudiced attitude towards Hindu ethnic group became a considerable obstacle, whereas scientific facts showed that his petition should have been satisfied, but the verdict referred to the opinion of average man. This means, the issue of race is not purely physiological or psychological, but refers more to the multifaceted social construct, which, as it has been noted, relates to the perception of ‘otherness’. In fact, if the Court had naturalized Thind, numerous political changes should have been introduced, such as wage norms and labor standards for Hindu, so the judicial body acted in favor of government political course. Reference list Levin, M. (1997).Why Race Matters : Race Differences and What They Mean (Human Evolution, Behavior, and Intelligence). Praeger. Fraser, S. (1995). The bell curve wars : race, intelligence, and the future of America. New York : BasicBooks. Gjerde. Racialization of Immigrants, 1880-1930, pp. 275-290. Highman, J. The Evolution of Thought on Race and the Development of Scientific Racism. In Gjerde, pp. 291-298 Haney-Lopez, I. The Evolution of Legal Constructions of Race and ‘Whiteness’. In Gjerde, pp. 298-305

Essay on the Oppression of Ophelia in Hamlet -- Essays on Shakespeare H

Male Oppression of Ophelia in Hamlet  Ã‚   In The Tragedy of Hamlet, Shakespeare developed the story of prince Hamlet, and the murder of his father by the king's brother, Claudius. Hamlet reacted to this event with an internal battle that harmed everyone around him. Ophelia was the character most greatly impacted by Hamlet's feigned and real madness - she first lost her father, her sanity, and then her life. Ophelia, obedient, weak-willed, and no feminist role model, deserves the most pity of any character in the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the play opened, Hamlet and Ophelia appeared as lovers experiencing a time of turbulence. Hamlet had just returned home from his schooling in Saxony to find that his mother had quickly remarried her dead husband's brother, and this gravely upset him. Hamlet was sincerely devoted to the idea of bloodline loyalty and sought revenge upon learning that Claudius had killed his father. Ophelia, though it seems her relationship with Hamlet is in either the developmental stage or the finalizing stage, became the prime choice as a lure for Hamlet. Laertes inadvertently opened Ophelia up to this role when he spoke with Ophelia about Hamlet before leaving for France. He allowed Polonius to find out about Hamlet's courtship of Ophelia, which led to Polonius' misguided attempts at taking care of Ophelia and obeying the king's command to find the root of Hamlet's problems. Ophelia, placed in the middle against her wishes, obeyed her father and brother 's commands with little disagreement. The only time she argued was when Laertes advised her against making decisions incompatible with the expectations of Elizabethan women. Ophelia tells him, in her boldest lines of the play:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "But, my good brother, ... ...She had lost her father and her lover while her brother was away for school, and she was no longer useful as a puppet in a greater scheme. Ophelia was displaced, an Elizabethan woman without the men on whom she had been taught to depend. Therein lies the problem - she lacked independence so much that she could not continue living without Polonius, Laertes, and Hamlet. Ophelia's aloneness led to her insanity and death. The form of her death was the only fitting end for her - she drowned in a nearby river, falling beneath the gentle waters. She finally found peace in her mad world. That is how Ophelia is so useful as a classic feminist study - she evokes imagery of the fragile beauty women are expected to become, but shows what happens to women when they submit as such. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Longman, 1997.

Holocaust: Nazi Propaganda, Anti-Semitism, Auschwitz, Survivors, and Rescue in Denmark

Nazi Propaganda and Censorship While Hitler was coming to power, the Nazis orchestrated a massive propaganda campaign to win the loyalty and cooperation of Germans. All media whose viewpoints threatened Nazi beliefs were either censored or eliminated altogether. In May of 1933, more than 25,000 books written by both Jewish and non-Jewish authors including Helen Keller were burned. On December 5th in 1930, Joseph Goebbels disrupted the premiere of â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† with smoke and sneezing bombs because its views were considered â€Å"un-German. Even schoolbooks were censored from classrooms. The Nazi’s controlled the media so they could integrate Nazi racism and ideas into it. On March 13th, 1933, Goebbels was appointed head of the Reich Propaganda Ministry. As the head, he condemned works written by Jews, liberals, leftists, pacifists, foreigners, and many others. New textbooks were put into classrooms praising Hitler and anti-Semitism. Hence, peopl e were taught blind obedience to the Nazi party. Anti-Semitism Jewish people have been faced with prejudices and discriminations throughout istory. They were isolated in Christian societies, which, if you can remember, were almost everywhere. The Church taught that the Jews were responsible for Jesus’s death, and that they also caused the â€Å"Black Death,† which was the plague that killed thousands of people. The ignorance of people never ceases to surprise me. Because of these accusations, Jews couldn’t hold certain jobs or own land. It must’ve been hard not being able to express yourself the way everyone else did. Jews either had to convert to Christianity, leave the country, or be persecuted. Influential people mistakenly defined them as a race, which ultimately meant that even if they did convert to Christianity, they were still Jews by blood. The government either organized or didn’t prevent violent attacks on Jews, which involved murder and then looting. Why was so much hate projected towards the Jews? Auschwitz When educated people hear â€Å"Auschwitz,† a pretty picture does not come to mind. Auschwitz was the largest concentration camp established by the Germans in the 1940s. It was altogether a concentration, extermination, and forced-labor camp. In just five years, over one million innocent people lost their lives. If they could work or were some use to the Germans, their lives were spared. If they couldn’t work, this includes the sick, the elderly, children, et cetera, they were sent to gas chambers. Auschwitz’s four LARGEST gas chambers could hold and kill 2,000 people at once. Afterwards, their bodies were burned. As mentioned earlier, the workers were left alive, but had live in unbearable conditions. They were not insulated from the heat or cold; they wore the same clothes 24 hours a day, seven days a week. They were malnourished and were often fed rotten, molded food. Dr. Josef Mengele performed cruel experiments on twins, dwarves, as well as the sick, and then killed them if they didn’t die during the experiments. It really is no surprise that most prisoners survived only a few weeks to months in Auschwitz. Survivors Returning to life before the Holocaust was impossible for victims. Not only was it impossible, but it was also dangerous. People would think that after all the Jews had been through, that they’d learn to take it easy on them. But still, there were anti-Jewish riots and pogroms when survivors returned. Rumors spread about Jewish people killing Polish children and using their blood for rituals. Due to these rumors, even more riots broke out, one in particular where 41 people were murdered, and 50 more were wounded. Even if the people had been peaceful to the survivors, they wouldn’t have had a place to live. Many came home to find that their homes had been looted and/or taken over. With nowhere to live, the Jewish people were put into Displaced Persons’ camps. After being ejected by many countries, the United Nations finally voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state. Even the United States changed their immigration policy to allow more Jews to enter. I guess the survivors had found hope after all. Rescue in Denmark Not everyone actively supported and collaborated with the Nazi Germans. Yet again, nor did they take a stand on what was happening and help the Jewish and minority grou ps. Millions of people nationwide stood by as the Holocaust occurred. People told themselves that it was none of their business. Many others were just frightened. Helping Jews was punishable by death, after all. Only one country stood up for their Jewish people, and that was Denmark. They had help from many outside forces to help smuggle almost 8000 Jews, almost the entire Jewish population in Denmark, out before the Nazis could come. Even with all the combined efforts though, about 500 Jews were still deported to a concentration camp. Still, all but 51 survived due to the Danish government pestering the Nazis about the welfare of their people. A French clergyman smuggled about 12,000 Jewish children into Switzerland and Spain.

Information Gathering for Business Analysis - 1121 Words

Information gathering and Accounting/Business techniques Information gathering Lucky Cement is listed on Karachi Stock exchange therefore getting information was never really a big problem. As primary data LCL’s own website http://www.lucky-cement.com was a big source of information for me, but I had to look into other secondary sources like company’s annual reports, newspaper, internet etc to make my analysis more comprehensive I used the following secondary sources to gather my information which enabled me to get the broad view of Lucky Cement’s Business and it helped me to make a better analysis of Lucky Cement’s Performance. Annual Reports and Books Lucky Cement’s annual reports for years 2008-2010 provided me with a†¦show more content†¦For my research and analysis project the analysis of the business and financial performance of Lucky Cement Limited in terms of business and accounting techniques I have used PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, Porter 5 forces and Ratio analysis. Ratio Analysis Ratio Analysis is a helpful tool to evaluate and interpret the financial performance of a company. It includes calculation of different ratios from the information available on the financial statements to identify different trends in the performance of the company and the reasons behind them. Ratios are also used to assess the management’s performance and make predictions whether or not the firm is meeting its business and financial objectives from stakeholders’ point of view Porter’s Five Forces Porter’s five forces framework examines the competitive environment in which a company operates and is an industry and business analysis model by Michael E. Porter The main advantage of this model is to evaluate the competition and differentiation in cement sector. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis suggests ways in which the organisation can profit from strengths and opportunities and defend itself against weaknesses and threats. Variables that SWOT uses affect the company internally and externally where internal factors being strengths and weaknesses and external are factors opportunities and threats SWOT is aShow MoreRelatedImplementation of as-Is System1312 Words   |  6 Pagesâž ¢ Description of AS-IS Business Process for Registering for Classes in IMS, Ghaziabad Registration for classes is one the most important business process in an academic institution. The process is not comprised of any single step. It comprises of several continuous steps that are sequentially followed. There are mainly three ways to understand the AS-IS business process. They are: †¢ Extensive information gathering †¢ Detailed process modeling †¢ Detailed data modeling. Read MoreRiordan Manufacturing Integrated Human Resource Information System1009 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrated application. This new system is long overdue and in order to implement a successful system certain criteria must be obtained. The first step in the process includes gathering information on the current and proposed system, setting the scope and goals for the project, and considering the projects feasibility. Information-Gathering TechniquesA. InterviewsTo begin my research, I would take the interview approach. In order to conduct a successful interview I have create some interview criteria. 1Read MoreRequirements Of A Requirements Analysis Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Purpose of a Requirements Analysis A requirements analysis plan (RAP) encompasses activities conducted to determine the needs or conditions for a new product, in this case S.E.A.R.C.H. It commonly takes place after a request is received. It is the process of gathering information about business and technical requirements supporting a request, consolidating this information into a cohesive plan, and assisting stakeholders in prioritizing these needs and conditions. A RAP is criticalRead MoreI have always considered obtaining BSc. Honors degree in applied accounting from Oxford Brookes1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthis session I decided to prepare research and analysis project and I chose the following topic: â€Å"The business and financial performance of an organization over a three year Period†. Reasons of choosing Specific Topic, Sector And Company: One of the most imperative reasons that I chose this topic was that this topic was easier to understand. During my ACCA studies I read different tools and techniques relating to the business and financial analysis so I was in a better position to work on thisRead MoreAssessment of Enterprise Level Business Systems1279 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment of Enterprise Level Business Systems BSA/400 November 5, 2012 In corporate America projects are implemented on a regular basis. With implementing these projects there is a grave possibility that they may not be successful. In conducting any successful project it takes some type of organizational skills. Successfulness of a project can be jeopardized by a lack of planning, not enough funds to complete it, or the materials needed to complete it may not be readily available. In orderRead MoreDefinitions Of A Joint Application Development Project1510 Words   |  7 PagesBelow is the terminology used by Business Analyst and other team members in a Software Development Project. Business Analyst: The person who works as a liaison between the business unit and the technical unit in a company to analyze, communicate and validate requirements for changes to business processes, existing policies and information system. Business Intelligence: is the term used to refer to a number of activities that a company may undertake to gather information about their market and competitorsRead MoreFaster Ethernet Local Area Network: A Beneficial Business Decision1202 Words   |  5 Pagesnetwork will be a beneficial business decision for Feingold Investments. It will be necessary to keep Bob Albert happy while keeping the scope of the project under control and doing what is necessary to satisfy the company s business requirements as opposed to catering to his personal agenda as Manager of Information Systems. Methodology: The methodology that we will use will be Enterprise Reengineering Process. Feingold is currently outsourcing their information systems to ADR CorprorationRead MoreThe Importance Of Market Research. Market Research Is Important1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Market Research Market research is important because it is essential for â€Å"business insights, measurement, knowledge, and tools that are used for achieving higher levels of market performance and stakeholder value† (Bont Hamersveld, 2007, p. 102). Business insight means that the data has to be combined into information which is converted into insights. Measurement means that the reports should not be subjective opinion and has to be solely based on measurements. Knowledge isRead MoreHow Data Is Important Factor For Business Decisions1691 Words   |  7 Pagesis bombarded by data driven business society. Data are facts and statistics collected together for reference and analysis. It can also be measurements, values, words, observations or even descriptions. Data has a lot of use. Companies can use data to gather information on how things work. It can even be used to differentiate things and find their similarities. Data is basically a tool for research purposes. Data became one of the prominent assets of the today’s business industry. From the traditionalRead MoreResearch Methodology Test : A Research Proposal1369 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Methodology Test By Emma Young 1. Business Research Business research involves methodical and objective gathering of knowledge, information and facts which can then be used to help make or enhance business and problem solving decisions. This type of research usually includes reporting, descriptive, predictive and explanatory studies (lecture notes). An example of business research might be the processing and gathering of a company’s sales information, which is then presented in a sales report